3003 aluminum alloy is a commonly used aluminum-manganese alloy, widely applied in various environments, especially where good corrosion resistance, formability, and medium strength are required. Its two common tempers are H14 and H24, which have the same composition, but due to different processing methods, their mechanical properties differ significantly.
- 3003-H14: has higher ductility and better formability, making it suitable for applications that require significant deformation, especially where high elongation and low hardness are needed.
- 3003-H24: has higher hardness, fatigue strength, and tensile yield strength, making it suitable for high-strength, high-wear resistance, or applications that undergo cyclic loading.
| Characteristics | 3003-H14 | 3003-H24 |
| Hardness | Lower, suitable for forming and stretching | Higher, suitable for applications requiring higher hardness |
| Elongation at Break | Higher, with better ductility, suitable for deep drawing and forming applications | Lower, suitable for applications that require less elongation |
| Fatigue Strength | Lower, not suitable for applications subject to cyclic loading | Higher, suitable for applications that endure cyclic loads |
| Shear Strength | Higher, suitable for applications requiring shearing or resistance to shear forces | Lower, suitable for high-strength applications that do not require shearing |
| Tensile Yield Strength | Higher, suitable for applications requiring higher strength | Lower, suitable for applications not demanding extremely high strength |
| Strength-to-Weight Ratio (Bending) | Lower, suitable for applications that do not undergo significant bending stress | Higher, suitable for applications requiring stronger bending performance |
| Applications | Deep drawing, forming, stretching, automotive exterior panels, appliance housings, etc. | Industrial equipment, structural components subject to cyclic loads, exterior decorative parts, etc. |
The choice between the two mainly depends on the specific application requirements, especially the demands for strength, hardness, ductility, and fatigue strength.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Hardness
- 3003-H14: Compared to the H24 temper, H14 has lower hardness. H14 has medium strength and hardness, making it suitable for applications that require good formability.
- 3003-H24: The H24 temper has higher hardness because it undergoes a longer heat treatment process, which increases its hardness. This makes H24 more suitable for applications that require high hardness materials, such as those with high wear resistance or surface requirements.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Elongation at Break
- 3003-H14: The H14 temper has a higher elongation at break, meaning it can undergo more stretching before breaking, making it more ductile and easier to process. H14's superior ductility makes it ideal for processes such as deep drawing, stretching, and forming.
- 3003-H24: Although H24 also has good ductility, its elongation at break is lower than H14 due to its higher hardness. This means H24 has slightly less deformation capability during stretching and is more suitable for applications that require less stretching and forming.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Fatigue Strength
- 3003-H14: The fatigue strength of the H14 temper is lower, making it suitable for environments that do not undergo cyclic loading.
- 3003-H24: The fatigue strength of the H24 temper is higher, making H24 more suitable for applications subject to cyclic or repetitive loading. For example, structural components used in vibration, shock, and other cyclic load conditions.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Shear Strength
- 3003-H14: H14 has higher shear strength, making it suitable for applications that require shearing or resistance to shear forces. This characteristic makes H14 perform well in some machining and cutting operations.
- 3003-H24: H24's shear strength is slightly lower than H14, which is related to its higher hardness and strength. Nevertheless, H24 still provides sufficient shear strength in some applications requiring high mechanical strength.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Tensile Yield Strength
- 3003-H14: The tensile yield strength of the H14 temper is higher, meaning it can withstand greater force during stretching without permanent deformation. H14 is a good choice for applications requiring higher strength.
- 3003-H24: H24 also has good tensile yield strength but is slightly lower compared to H14. Therefore, H24 is more suitable for applications that require higher material strength, especially in environments needing stronger performance.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Strength-to-Weight Ratio (Bending)
- 3003-H14: The strength-to-weight ratio for bending of the H14 temper is relatively low, making it suitable for applications that do not experience significant bending stress.
- 3003-H24: The H24 temper has a slightly higher strength-to-weight ratio, providing higher strength and durability in bending applications, especially in environments that require handling larger bending stresses.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Applications
- 3003-H14: Due to its better ductility and lower hardness, H14 aluminum alloy is suitable for applications requiring high formability, stretching, or stamping, such as automotive exterior panels, household appliance housings, air conditioning equipment, and other applications that require large-scale forming.
- 3003-H24: Due to its higher hardness and fatigue strength, H24 is better suited for applications that endure cyclic loading or require high strength, such as industrial equipment, certain structural components, exterior decorative parts, and more.
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Mechanical Properties
| Property | 3003-H14 Aluminum | 3003-H24 Aluminum |
| Brinell Hardness | 42 | 45 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus (x 10^6 psi) | 10 | 10 |
| Elongation at Break (%) | 8.3 | 6.0 |
| Fatigue Strength (x 10^3 psi) | 8.7 | 9.9 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus (x 10^6 psi) | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Shear Strength (x 10^3 psi) | 14 | 13 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) (x 10^3 psi) | 23 | 23 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof) (x 10^3 psi) | 20 | 19 |
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Thermal Properties
| Property | 3003-H14 Aluminum | 3003-H24 Aluminum |
| Latent Heat of Fusion (J/g) | 400 | 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical (°F) | 360 | 360 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus) (°F) | 1210 | 1210 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus) (°F) | 1190 | 1190 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (BTU/lb-°F) | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Thermal Conductivity (BTU/h-ft-°F) | 100 | 100 |
| Thermal Expansion (µm/m-K) | 23 | 23 |
3003-H14 Aluminum vs. 3003-H24 Aluminum Electrical Properties
| Property | 3003-H14 Aluminum | 3003-H24 Aluminum |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume (% IACS) | 44 | 44 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (% IACS) | 140 | 140 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Property | 3003-H14 Aluminum | 3003-H24 Aluminum |
| Base Metal Price (% relative) | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| Calomel Potential (mV) | -740 | -740 |
| Density (lb/ft³) | 170 | 170 |
| Embodied Carbon (kg CO₂/kg material) | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Embodied Energy (x 10³ BTU/lb) | 66 | 66 |
| Embodied Water (gal/lb) | 140 | 140 |
Common Calculations
| Property | 3003-H14 Aluminum | 3003-H24 Aluminum |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work) (MJ/m³) | 12 | 8.9 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience) (kJ/m³) | 130 | 120 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial (points) | 14 | 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending (points) | 50 | 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial (points) | 16 | 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending (points) | 23 | 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity (mm²/s) | 71 | 71 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance (points) | 6.9 | 7.0 |
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