The main differences between 3104 and 3105 H19 alloys lie in their mechanical property consistency, strength, and electrical conductivity. Therefore, the choice of alloy depends on the specific application requirements.
Comparison Table of 3104 Aluminum Alloy vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy
| Properties | 3104 Aluminum Alloy | 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy |
| Alloy Type | Aluminum-Manganese alloy | Aluminum-Manganese alloy (H19 state: Cold-work hardened) |
| Main Elements | Aluminum, Manganese, Silicon, Copper, etc. | Aluminum, Manganese, Silicon, etc. (Similar to 3104) |
| Mechanical Properties | Good formability and ductility, but tensile strength and elongation rate can vary | Higher strength and consistency, more stable tensile strength and ductility |
| Tensile Strength | About 200-250 MPa | Higher, typically greater than 250 MPa |
| Elongation at Break | Relatively high, typically in the range of 10-20%, but variable | More consistent, typically in the range of 3-5% |
| Electrical Conductivity | Relatively low | Slightly higher, better electrical conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | Relatively low | Slightly higher, better thermal conductivity |
| Formability | Excellent, suitable for deep drawing and complex forming operations | Slightly lower, suitable for forming operations requiring higher strength and stability |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good | Good |
| Applications | Beverage cans, packaging, automotive, construction, etc. | Beverage cans, packaging, automotive, roofing panels, construction, etc. |
| Key Advantages | Good formability and corrosion resistance, suitable for applications with variable demands | Consistent mechanical properties, higher strength and electrical conductivity, suitable for high-strength applications |
3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy Composition and Properties
Both 3104 and 3105-H19 aluminum alloys are commonly used in the manufacture of beverage cans, packaging materials, roofing, and wall panels. They have similar chemical compositions and both belong to the aluminum-manganese alloy group, which provides excellent corrosion resistance. The main differences between them lie in the processing method, mechanical properties, and electrical characteristics.
- 3104 Aluminum Alloy: It has good formability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, and is typically used in the production of beverage cans, packaging materials, and automotive parts. 3104 mainly consists of aluminum with small amounts of manganese, silicon, and copper. These elements provide it with a balance of good formability, corrosion resistance, and a certain level of strength and hardness.
- 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: 3105 alloy generally has a similar base composition to 3104 alloy, but due to its H19 state (cold-work hardened), it offers higher strength and more consistent mechanical properties. The H19 state refers to the alloy reaching its maximum strength after cold working, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and stability.
| Element | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Aluminum (Al), % | 95.1 to 98.4 | 96 to 99.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | 0 to 0.2 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0.050 to 0.25 | 0 to 0.3 |
| Gallium (Ga), % | 0 to 0.050 | 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.8 | 0 to 0.7 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.2 to 0.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | 0.3 to 0.8 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | 0 to 0.6 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.1 | 0 to 0.1 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.050 | 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | 0 to 0.4 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | 0 to 0.15 |
3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Conductivity
- 3104 Aluminum Alloy: Electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are relatively low. Although the thermal conductivity of 3104 is sufficient for most packaging applications at room temperature, its heat transfer performance may be slightly insufficient in high-strength applications.
- 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: Compared to 3104 alloy, 3105-H19 typically has higher electrical conductivity and slightly improved thermal conductivity. This means it may be more effective in some electrical applications, especially where higher conductivity is required.
3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Formability and Processing Performance
- 3104 Aluminum Alloy: It has excellent formability, capable of being shaped into complex forms through processes such as deep drawing. Due to its high ductility, 3104 performs excellently in applications requiring extensive forming.
- 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: In the H19 state, the formability of 3105 alloy is slightly lower than that of 3104, particularly in high-strength applications. This means that, although it offers higher strength and consistency, it may require more precise process control in deep drawing or complex forming operations.
3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Applications
Due to their similar chemical compositions and application scenarios, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are suitable for many of the same industries, especially in the packaging and construction sectors.
- Beverage Cans: Particularly in the food and beverage industry, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are common choices. Their excellent corrosion resistance makes them ideal for the manufacture of aluminum cans and containers.
- Roofing and Wall Panels: Due to their corrosion resistance, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are used in the construction industry, especially in the manufacture of roofing and wall panels.
- Automotive Industry: They are also commonly used in lightweight automotive structural components, such as body panels and structural supports, especially in designs requiring high strength and lightweight properties.
3104 Aluminum Alloy is suitable for applications requiring good formability and lower strength requirements. Its variation in elongation at break and tensile strength makes it suitable for applications where strength requirements are less stringent.
3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy provides higher consistency and stability, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and long-term stable performance. Although its formability is slightly inferior to that of 3104, it has advantages in electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and consistency in mechanical properties.
3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Mechanical Properties
- 3104 Aluminum Alloy: Although 3104 alloy has good tensile strength and ductility, its mechanical properties may vary between different batches. For example, elongation at break and tensile strength can vary significantly between different casting batches or processing conditions. This may affect its performance consistency in certain high-precision applications.
- 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: Compared to 3104, 3105-H19 has more consistent mechanical properties. Due to the strict cold-working hardening process, 3105-H19 alloy shows less variation in tensile strength, elongation at break, etc., providing more stable and predictable performance. This makes 3105-H19 more suitable for applications requiring high consistency and long-term stable performance.
| Property | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Elastic Modulus (Young's, Tensile), x 10^6 psi | 10 | 10 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 1.1 to 20 | 1.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, x 10^3 psi | 11 to 18 | 9.8 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, x 10^6 psi | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Shear Strength, x 10^3 psi | 16 to 25 | 20 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), x 10^3 psi | 25 to 45 | 35 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), x 10^3 psi | 9.9 to 40 | 31 |
3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Thermal Properties
| Property | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °F | 360 | 360 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °F | 1200 | 1210 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °F | 1120 | 1180 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, BTU/lb-°F | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Thermal Conductivity, BTU/h-ft-°F | 91 | 98 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | 24 |
3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Electrical Properties
| Property | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 41 | 44 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 130 | 140 |
Other Properties
| Property | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| Density, lb/ft³ | 170 | 170 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material | 8.4 | 8.2 |
| Embodied Energy, x 10³ BTU/lb | 66 | 66 |
| Embodied Water, gal/lb | 140 | 140 |
Common Calculations
| Property | 3104 Aluminum | 3105-H19 Aluminum |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m³ | 1.6 to 60 | 2.6 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m³ | 34 to 540 | 340 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 31 | 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 to 37 | 31 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s | 64 | 68 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 to 13 | 11 |
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